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| 1953 |
| | | Molecular biologists Francis Crick and James Watson announce their discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA | |
|  | Uncle Sam and John Bull knitting DNA, 1990
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1963 |
| | | US environmentist Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, an impassioned warning of ecological disaster | |
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| 1974 |
| | | Donald Johanson and Tom Gray find an almost complete Australopithecus female skeleton at Hadar in Ethiopia, and nickname her Lucy after the Beatles song Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds | |
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| 1983 |
| | | Luc Montagnier, at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, discovers a new human retrovirus that he names LAV (later changed to HIV) | |
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| 1984 |
| | | Genetic (or DNA) fingerprinting is invented and developed by British geneticist Alec Jeffreys | |
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| 1985 |
| | | The Human Genome Project begins in the US Department of Energy, with the aim of sequencing the whole of human DNA | |
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| 1986 |
| | | Mad Cow Disease (BSE, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy ) is identified and described in Britain | |
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| 1990 |
| | | British primatologist Jane Goodall publishes Through a Window, exposing violence and brutality in chimpanzees | |
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| 1994 |
| | | The fossilized skeleton of an Ardipithecus female, nicknamed Ardi and 4.4 million years old, is found in the Awash valley region of Ethiopia | |
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| 1996 |
| | | A fatal variant CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease) is first identified in Britain, linked to BSE but capable of infecting humans | |
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